Which of the following is NOT a main element of an Integrated Safety Management System (ISM System)?

• A. Safety program leadership
• B. Operations manager
• C. Risk analysis and evaluation
• D. Incident reporting and investigation

Answer: (D)

An Integrated Safety Management System is built around leadership that drives safety, a clear role responsible for integrating safety into daily operations, and a formal process to identify hazards and evaluate risk to decide which controls are needed. Safety program leadership sets the policy, resources, and expectations for safety. The operations manager ensures safety is embedded in how work is actually done, with procedures and controls applied on the shop floor. Risk analysis and evaluation provides the systematic method to uncover hazards, assess their severity and likelihood, and determine appropriate preventive measures.

Incident reporting and investigation is essential for learning and preventing recurrence, but it belongs to the system’s feedback and continuous improvement activities rather than being one of the main structural elements.