Economic costs include which components?

• A. Medical costs, property damage, and crash-response goods/services
• B. QALYs
• C. Intangible costs
• D. Noneconomic costs

Answer: (A)

Economic costs are the monetary expenses that arise from crashes. They include actual dollar outlays like medical care for injuries, costs to repair or replace damaged vehicles and property, and the expenses tied to crash-response services such as emergency medical responders, tow trucks, and hospital transport. QALYs are a health-outcome measure used in economic evaluations, not direct monetary costs. Intangible costs describe non-monetary impacts like pain and suffering, and noneconomic costs refer to those same non-monetary effects, which are not counted as economic costs. So, the components that fit economic costs are the tangible money-related expenses: medical costs, property damage, and crash-response services.